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Chronic pain is a major global public health issue causing a severe impact on both the quality of life for sufferers and the wider economy. Despite the significant clinical burden, little progress has been made in terms of therapeutic development. A unique approach to identifying new human-validated analgesic drug targets is to study rare families with inherited pain insensitivity. Here we have analysed an otherwise normal family where six affected individuals display a pain insensitive phenotype that is characterized by hyposensitivity to noxious heat and painless bone fractures. This autosomal dominant disorder is found in three generations and is not associated with a peripheral neuropathy. A novel point mutation in ZFHX2, encoding a putative transcription factor expressed in small diameter sensory neurons, was identified by whole exome sequencing that segregates with the pain insensitivity. The mutation is predicted to change an evolutionarily highly conserved arginine residue 1913 to a lysine within a homeodomain. Bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) transgenic mice bearing the orthologous murine p.R1907K mutation, as well as Zfhx2 null mutant mice, have significant deficits in pain sensitivity. Gene expression analyses in dorsal root ganglia from mutant and wild-type mice show altered expression of genes implicated in peripheral pain mechanisms. The ZFHX2 variant and downstream regulated genes associated with a human pain-insensitive phenotype are therefore potential novel targets for the development of new analgesic drugs.awx326media15680039660001.

Original publication

DOI

10.1093/brain/awx326

Type

Journal article

Journal

Brain

Publication Date

01/02/2018

Volume

141

Pages

365 - 376

Keywords

Mendelian, dorsal root ganglia, pain insensitivity, transcription factor, Action Potentials, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Animals, Calcium, Capsaicin, Disease Models, Animal, Female, Ganglia, Spinal, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Hyperalgesia, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Knockout, Middle Aged, Pain, Pain Insensitivity, Congenital, Pain Threshold, Point Mutation, Sensory Receptor Cells, Skin, Young Adult, Zinc Finger E-box Binding Homeobox 2