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Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), as a well-known redox enzyme cofactor, has been proven to play important roles in the regulation of cellular growth and development in mammals. Numerous physiological and medicinal functions of PQQ have so far been reported although its effect on neural stem and progenitor cells (NS/PCs) and the potential mechanism were even rarely investigated. In this study, the neuroprotective effects of PQQ were observed by pretreatment of NS/PCs with PQQ before glutamate injury, and the possible mechanisms were examined. PQQ stimulated cell proliferation and markedly attenuated glutamate-induced cell damage in a dose-dependent manner. By observing the nuclear morphological changes and flow cytometric analysis, PQQ pretreatment showed its significant effect on protecting NS/PCs against glutamate-induced apoptosis/necrosis. PQQ neuroprotection was associated with the decrease of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, the increase of glutathione (GSH) levels, and the decrease of caspase-3 activity. In addition, pretreatment with PQQ also significantly enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the NS/PCs exposed to glutamate. These results suggest that PQQ can protect NS/PCs against glutamate toxicity associated with ROS-mediated mitochondrial pathway, indicating a useful chemical for the clinical application of NS/PCs.

Original publication

DOI

10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2015.02.008

Type

Journal article

Journal

Int J Dev Neurosci

Publication Date

05/2015

Volume

42

Pages

37 - 45

Keywords

Glutamate, Neural stem and progenitor cells, Neuroprotection, Pyrroloquinoline quinone, Reactive oxygen species, Animals, Annexin A5, Anthracenes, Apoptosis, Bromodeoxyuridine, Caspase 3, Cell Nucleus Size, Cell Survival, Cells, Cultured, Embryo, Mammalian, Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists, Glutamic Acid, Glutathione, Glutathione Peroxidase, Hippocampus, Necrosis, Neurons, PQQ Cofactor, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Reactive Oxygen Species, Sincalide, Stem Cells