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Purpose: To report the clinical and molecular findings in patients with retinal dystrophy associated with the c.783G>A variant in CDHR1. Methods: The retinal phenotype of 10 patients with CDHR1-related retinopathy was characterized by multimodal imaging including color fundus photography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and blue- and near-infrared fundus autofluorescence imaging. Functional testing included electroretinography, visual acuity, and visual field testing. Results: Six patients homozygous for the c.783G>A variant in CDHR1 showed a retinal phenotype resembling central areolar choroidal dystrophy (CACD) on multimodal imaging. Retinal function outside an area of slowly progressive macular atrophy remained relatively preserved. In contrast, biallelic severe/truncating CDHR1 mutations result in retina-wide retinal degeneration in addition to macular atrophy, with overall severely reduced retinal function. Patients compound heterozygous for the c.783G>A mutation and a truncating mutation in CDHR1 showed an intermediate phenotype. All patients except one with biallelic severe CDHR1 mutations were asymptomatic in the first four decades of life, irrespective of their individual CDHR1 mutations. Analysis of blood RNA from patients with the c.783G>A variant revealed in-frame skipping of exon 8 in vivo, predicting a partial deletion of CDHR1 ectodomains 2 and 3. Conclusions: Patients with biallelic c.783G>A CDHR1 mutations demonstrate a retinal phenotype consistent with autosomal recessive CACD. The apparently silent dbSNP-annotated c.783G>A CDHR1 variant (rs147346345) has a relatively high minor allele frequency (0.31%), with homozygous individuals annotated in the general population, and it may therefore have been disregarded in many next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based studies. The differential diagnosis includes PRPH2-associated CACD and age-related macular degeneration.

Original publication

DOI

10.1167/iovs.18-26415

Type

Journal article

Journal

Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci

Publication Date

01/08/2019

Volume

60

Pages

3388 - 3397

Keywords

Aged, Cadherins, Electroretinography, Exons, Female, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Multimodal Imaging, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Optical Imaging, Pedigree, Phenotype, Photography, Retina, Retinal Dystrophies, Sequence Deletion, Silent Mutation, Tomography, Optical Coherence, Visual Acuity, Visual Field Tests, Visual Fields